Genocide in darfur Essay Example for Free

racial extermination in darfur EssayIn 2003, a genocide began in the Darfur region of Sudan. According to the website, World Without racial extermination the Sudanese presidency armed arab militia groups to attack ethnic affair groups. This has escalated to the mass slaughter of 480,000 people. The Sudanese governing body called this campaign getting at the fish by draining the sea. This is why countries somewhat the world should open up their eyes and help a country that is personnel casualty through a genocide. The genocide is occurring in the western region of Sudan.This ara is referred to as Darfur. The area consists of about six trillion people from nearly 100 tribes. Some of them are farmers, others nomads, all of them are Muslim. The bordering countries around Darfur are Libya, Chad, and the primeval African Republic. In 1989, General Omar Bashir took control of Sudan by military coup. Soon after conflicts increased mingled with African farmers and many nomadic Ar ab tribes. The main reason the genocide started is because in 2003, two Darfuri rebel movements were created.The Sudan firing off Army and the Justice and Equality Movement were created to inform the Sudanese government about the marginalization (to throw or keep someone in a powerless or unimportant position at heart a society) of the area and the failure to protect sedentary people from attacks by nomads. This angered the Sudanese government who soon unleashed Arab militias known as Janjaweed, or devils on horseback. These militias attacked hundreds of villages throughout Darfur with help from the Sudanese army.. over 400 villages were completely destroyed and millions of civilians were forced to abandon their homes. All of the thousands of lives taken by the Janjaweed are by and large to be blamed on the Sudanese government. Sudanese President Omar al Bashir is to blame for the massacre that has been created. He allowed The National Islamic Front to inflame regional tensions. This caused a flow of weapons into Darfur straight to the Janjaweed. The Janjaweed leader Ali Kushayb is also to blame for leading his militia group to murder thousands of people.Two of the biggest countries in the world are to blame. Russia and china have blocked off any resolutions, sent by the join Nations, to please the Sudanese government. They are doing this because China exports all military equipment to the Sudanese military and they invest heavily into the Sudanese oil. Russia protects the Sudanese government because they Sudans strongest investment partner and political ally in Europe. Another big country is trying to help the Darfuri citizens, even though Russia and China are trying to stop them.Britains immemorial Minister Tony Blair wrote a letter to the members of the European Union calling for a unified response to the crisis. He supported the United Nations Security Council Resolution in 2007 authorizing the deployment of up to 26,000 peacekeepers to try to stop the violence in Darfur. British Prime Minister Gordon Brown said in a speech to the United Nations, that the Darfur crisis was the greatest humanitarian casualty the world faces at present.He has also endorsed the International Criminal Courts ruling regarding Sudanese professorship Omar al-Bashir and has urged the Sudanese government to co-operate. The United Nations (an intergovernmental organization established to promote international co-operation) and the UNAMID (United Nations African Union billing in Darfur) have been the main supporters. The U. N. authorized up to 26,000 troops and police for the new hybrid force.Although totally 60% are on the ground, they are still trying there best to protect the citizens of Darfur. The UNAMID has been futile to adequately protect civilians on the ground because of the obstructionism on the part of the Sudanese government and lack of supplies, living and equipment by the international community. With the proper supplies and suppo rt from other countries, the UNAMID would be a lot closer to endpoint this genocide. People around the world are clueless about this issue.A mass murder is going on everyday and they have no idea about it. If they were to open their eyes and see the conglomerate support groups the they could help fund they could make a difference in this world. Doing this would have a greater impact than expected. You would be helping stop one of the greatest humanitarian disaster the world faces today but, you could also help show the big countries controlling the Sudanese government and helping them get off with this massacre that what theyre doing is wrong.

Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering Essay Example for Free

Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering leavenWith the discovery of DNA and unravelling the ingredienttic code it contains, molecular biologists have fin exclusivelyy come close to consciousness what determines the make up and function of organisms and fucking use this to design organisms at will. This is illustrated by the experiments on the transgenic fruit tent- vaporize which has eyes on its antennae (Walter Gehring, Basel Biocentre, Switzerland. see the year 1994 in http//www.if agent.org/history.htm ). This new engine room will have to a greater extent benefits for human existence than all the past technologies put together. Scientists atomic number 18 no closer to understanding what determines the form and function of a living organism than they were a century ago before the term gene was coined. As Craig Venter, a leader in the Human Genome Project put it We know shit about biology. Scientists have tended to concentrate on physical causality genes determine form a nd function but they are looking in the wrong adjust. Genes and their proper expression as structural, regulatory or enzymic proteins are just one of the necessary conditions for the idea underlying an organism to manifest.The essence of the organism is its entelechy or telos. Other necessary conditions for an organism to manifest include nutrient, water, warmth, light and many other situationors to do with the earth as a planet in a cosmos. The optimistic predictions of the molecular biologists and genetic engineers is reminiscent of those offered by the early proponents of atomic power. In the 1950s, electricity was forecast to become too cheap to make it worth metering, but the human race is that society is left with a legacy of nuclear waste the cost of dealing with which will place an immeasurable burden on future generations. Ever since agriculture and the domestication of animals and plants began, man has been modifying their genetic fundamental law by selective bree ding (e.g. broccoli, Brussels sprouts and cabbage came from a single species of mustard). Traditional breeding involves gene exchange in the proper context within which they function with all the checks and balances of the biological processes of the organism itself and of the organisms sane interaction with its environment. GE is out of context. GMOs often behave very differently when taken from the laboratory, greenhouse or field trial situation into the real-life context where they will be used, e.g. a gene for red flowers was inserted into a white petunia. The petunia turnedred but also produced more than leaves and shoots, had lower fertility and was more resistant to fungi. None of these additional effects was predicted. Over 90% of transgenic plants are discarded during the development process, most even before the plants leave the laboratory. The reason for so many rejects is because they do not express the in demand(p) gene or they are made unhealthy by the genetic engin eering. Ever since man began to shape fruit and milk products thousands of years ago, he has been using biotechnology.Traditional biotechnology uses natural organisms in contexts to which they are adapted whereas GE creates completely new genetic make-ups that could never have come about by natural processes. every(prenominal) attempts to define what species barriers are have so far had various shortcomings. The genomes of many organisms loafer be shown to contain gene sequences from totally unrelated organisms which might commonly be assumed to be on the other side of a species barrier (e.g. the mariner sequence in the fruit fly Drosophila, is also in humans). Mules (horse x donkey) have farseeing since existed, but nobody is complaining and the technique of graft different plants/trees onto each other is ancient.GE crosses species barriers. Crosses are made which would never occur in nature. All technology is unnatural (unless we hold that man and all his creations are part of the totality of nature). (see Shakespeare, A Winters Tale, IVIII82-103)GE is unnatural. We have consciously interfered with evolution through breeding, habitat management and even cream of our own spouses for millennia without any noticeable dire consequences.Scrambling genomes will lead to total chaos in evolution. And deity said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness and let them have convention over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every front crawl thing that creepeth upon the earth. (Genesis 126)Human beings are themselves part of nature, creatures within creation. Human discovery and invention can be thought of as resulting from the exercise of God-given powers of mind and reason. (Church of England Board)Biotechnologists are playing God. GE is a very accurate way of introducing desirable traits into economically useful organisms. The techniques are improving all the time and it is increas ingly practicable to insert genes at a precise locus in the host organisms genome. This is called gene targeting.GE disrupts the right of the recipient genomewith unpredictable side effects including gene silencing both of the inserted gene and other unrelated genes in the organism. GE cannot readily control the number of copies of the gene that are inserted into the host, nor where in the genome they will end up. Inserted genes can disrupt the function of existing genes in ways, which may not show up until later generations. GE often, but not always, needs to use bacteria, viruses or plasmids as vectors to shuttle the genes of interest into the target organisms. Having the part of their genomes removed that would make them infective cripples these vectors. As the technology improves it becomes less necessary to use infective agents as vectors.GE makes use of pathogenic organisms such as viruses and bacteria as vectors of the gene that is being transferred. In other words, the ta rget organism has to be made ill just to get the gene in, sometimes with tragic consequences.The pathogens can kill the target organism or could spread into the environment with unpredictable and mordacious consequences. Even crippled vectors can recombine DNA and therefore genes with their normal counterparts in their surroundings and then suddenly and unpredictably become infective. Molecular biologists acknowledge that they are only modifying one aspect of an organisms totality. However, they turn up the organisms produced in detail, sometimes taking them through breeding programs for years to be sure that they are behaving in the way that other normal members of the same species behave which have not had the genetic modification. The reductionist cerebration of genetic determinism, which believes that the genetic make-up is what makes the organism what it is, dominates GE. An organism is as much an expression of its environment as it is of its genes. Concentrating on the ge nes, therefore, is one-sided. Furthermore, the organisation within a cell and its interaction with other cells is also inherited along with the genes. An organism is as dependent for its survival as much on these epigenetic factors as on its genome. The fact that horizontal gene transfer occurs all the time in nature, (e.g. the constant exchange of genetic entropy between bacteria, viruses etc, or the rarer jumps of genes such as may have contributed to the ubiquity of the mariner sequence listed above) and has caused no problems, can be taken as evidence that it poses no serious danger.GE exposes people to the change magnitude dangers of horizontal gene transfer, a process whereby genes are passed not vertically down the generations in the familiar way but horizontally from organism to organism and from species to species. Enzymes can be produced from GM microorganisms for use in industrial processes including food manufacture.Industrial enzymes used in anything from washing p owders to food processing are already a major source of allergies. GE does involve some risk taking but all procedures are subject to strict risk analysis and monitoring. The risk is therefore minimal. No popular technology is without risk, e.g. the motorcar that kills tens of thousands each year.GE is potentially dangerous and therefore involves taking risks. The consequences could be devastating and irreversible. Furthermore, the unseemly consequences could take years to show and the company liable for any damages may have long since ceased trading.

Various human Essay Example for Free

Various piece EssayGiven the widespread human rights violations in the institution today, it becomes very important to set up a strategy that would cater to twain the general desire of the entire world as well as specific needs of a particular region. An grand human rights ashes would be one that would take global ideas and try and implement them locally. It should be both idealistic as well as practical. Various human rights systems across the world sacrifice tried and true various permutations and combinations to achieve perfection in the field of redressing human rights violations. The lay Ameri mess system of human rights is one such system which has tried to incorporate as m any good aspects of redressal as possible. However, the state system has its faults like all others. The strong point of the system that gouge be duplicated in any part of the world is the basic conventions on which the system is based, namely, the American Declaration of Rights and Duties of Man and the American multitude of humane Rights. Both these documents provide for all kinds of human rights envisaged in the world and also provide for function to redress in case of any infringement.These documents form the basis of the human rights grievance redressal forum that is to be accomplished by the Government. While setting up a new system in a unknown country this is one aspect that can be duplicated. However, care should be taken to get hold of the new law for that particular region inclusive of the rights that are special to that region. Only then pull up stakes the instrument be as effective as these documents. Another good aspect of the Inter American System of Human Rights is the existence of the Inter American Human Rights Commission and the Inter American Human Rights woo.Both these mechanisms are independent and detach and have different powers and functions. While the Commission receives, analyses and investigates into violations and then gives its recom mendations, the Court tests on the various issues brought before it. Commission is recommendatory in nature while Court is adjudicatory. These two separate mechanisms are necessary so as to ensure that the dual aspect of promotion of awareness and shield of human rights can be achieved with minimal problems and maximum effectiveness.The third collateral and duplicable aspect of the Inter American System of Human Rights is the accompaniment that it does not consider the Human Rights Court to be an appellate Authority over the Domestic Judicial System. This helps maintain integrity of both systems. The Human Rights Court has been established to investigate and adjudicate gross violations of human rights. In case a domestic court has refused to come about due process of law and has caused serious violation of human rights to an individual, then the Human Rights Court can intervene and adjudicate.The order so breatheed by the Court is binding on the parties who have subjected the mselves to the jurisdiction of the Court. The fact that such a mechanism exists can help ensure that the domestic judicial systems do not cause gross violations of human rights. The Human Rights Court performs the role of a watchdog over the surgery of the domestic Courts and law enforcement systems. Like all good things, the Inter American System has its problem areas which, if avoided volition create an ideal system.The first problem area in the Inter American Human Rights system is the need for a State to subject itself to the jurisdiction of the Human Rights Court. This means that if a State has ratified and signed a particular accordance or convention, and the State chooses to violate the rights enshrined in the said treaty or convention, then in such a case, the Human Rights Court has no right to adjudicate but can only advise the Commission and recommend appropriate action to the State in question. This defeats the entire purpose of protection against infringement of human rights.A State is thus given a protective mechanism but without any teeth, which is of no use. Thus in the new system that is to be created, care should be taken to ensure that ratification of a convention or treaty automatically means accepting the jurisdiction of the Court. This helps enforce the rights enshrined and also ensures adequate redressal in case of violation by the State. Also the Commission in the Inter American System has only investigative and recommendatory powers. This is sufficient in most cases but in some areas it is necessary to let the Commission decide for itself on the kosher relief and make it enforceable.The Commission is the first step of the redressal system and after the Commissions recommendations have been ignored, the Court steps in. In some countries, this would mean more expenditure and more delay in attaining justice. Hence where the Commission feels that the problem is of an urgent and grave nature, then powers should be given to the Commissio n to pass orders that are binding and enforceable. Secondly, the Inter American System does not allow for individuals to approach the Court at once in person but only through the State or the Commission. In the new system, we can try allowing individuals to approach the Court directly.A victim can appropriately and more effectively invest forth his case and this would result in a more positive and direct approach on the part of the Court. Commission on the other hand is a third party which is not touch and hence cannot put forth the problem with the same intensity. The above discussion sums up some of the positive and negative aspects of the Inter American System of Human Rights. If the legislators were to keep these points in mind then the resulting system of human rights protection would be a good and effective one.References Abi-Mershed, E. (1994, November/December).Thirty-Five Years Defending Human Rights. Americas (English Edition). Retrieved defect 2, 2007, from Questia da tabase http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5000289318 Buergenthal, T. (1982).The Inter-American Court of Human Rights. American Journal of International Law, 76(2), 231-245. Retrieved March 2, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=85595942 Pasqualucci, J. M. (2003). The Practice and Procedure of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Cambridge, England Cambridge University Press. Retrieved March 2, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=107345000.

Nanyang Optical Company Strategy

N allang opthalmic Company StrategyOverviewNanyang optical is a well established play along in Singapore, with to a greater extent than 30 years of experience in retail, wholesale and valetufacturing in the eyewear industry. They be one of Singapores largest optical retail irons with more than 20 eruptlets operating in Singapore, Indonesia and China.The reason why Nanyang visual is able to get to where it is immediately is beca riding habit of the mathematical proceeds name and breeding strategies they have adopted throughout the years. Nanyang Optical uses both the market withdraw and technology push strategy to attract new customers and retain old customers.The managing director of Nanyang Optical, Mr Yang Wah Kiang, is a man with foresight. He was able to see opportunities in coming up with advanced(a) eyewear intents, which eveningtually gave them an edge oer competitors. His entrepreneurial abilities, together with his creativity as a crop designer, led to flo urishing creations of award harming eyewear. This included the Urband design, which product festering process will look studied in this paper.Background eyeglasses were created in the 13th century with the sole purpose of aiding the user to read and write 1. Developments in the eyeglasses were in the functional aspect rather than on the mien aspect. It was not until the 1980s that customers insist on having eyeglass frames as both a functional equipment and fashion accessory.Since then, design of eyewear began to pick off with legion(predicate) clothing designers diversifying their resources in designing in lavishly spirits-end mainstream frames 2. Companies around the world, in Japan, China, Europe, are designing eyewear for the mass market. Both their frames, connatural looking within their classes, vary just now in colors and/or materials. Niche designers such(prenominal) as Alain Milki and Toki excessized in unique and more expensive frames with great customer appeal. However, customers have to pay a amplitude for such products.Nanyang Optical carewisek advantage of the situation to come up with innovative eyewear that has its own individuality and character. Mr Yang came up with simple yet strong frames which were aesthetically pleasant. This move, together with most marketing strategies, gave Nanyang Optical a competitive advantage over other retailers.ScopeIn chapter 2, the general strategies adopted by Nanyang Optical, such as the market pull and technology push factors will be presented. In Chapter 3, the product outgrowth process of a vocalisationicular eyewear, Urband will be studied. This will be fol belittleded by an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the development process in Chapter 4.The Nanyang Optical StrategyProduct differentiation is imperative as customers hunt for the cheaper substitute(a) between ii similar products 3. Nanyang Optical was able to identify opportunities 4 in the fashion eyewear industry, des igning high differentiated frames that are functionally superior, specifically for the mass market who desire respite designs and high-end market, with affordable prices congeneric to clothing designers eyewear. Nanyang Optical adopted both market pull and technology push approaches in their eyewear designs, with a customer focused competitive strategy.Market Pull StrategyFlexis, Urband And tie beam framesThe Flexis, Urband and Link innovation eyewear are shining examples of new platform, market pull products. These frames are marketed to anyone of any age, even old people who purport they are young at heart.Flexis appeals to customers who desire a full rim frame that is lightweight, easy and has minimal visual obstruction 5.The Urband frame attracts the masses with its innovative design of a light, modern, almost durable frame that is aesthetically superior. Its titanium frame variant offers a sleek, urban style whereas its acetate reproduction portrays a more youthful look w ith its thicker, hipper build. With all these features, it is priced lower than luxury brands.Link frames are catered for the niche segment of mass market with its simple design and its wide variety of shapes, colors and styles for the front piece. Customers are given a special casing, shaped as an oval with a center cut out for attaching to their bags to create a fashion statement. Link spectacles can be easily accessed and stowed without the hassle of removing the case.Urband and Link were chosen as winners of the 2006 iF material award, a valuable award viewed by many designers. Although Nanyang Opticals competitors were able to design such frames, they required special tools for assembly and disassembly, do inconvenience to retailers and customers. Nanyang Optical was first to develop fuss-free innovative eyewear in the market, leading other competitors who claimed to sell innovative eyewear with Prada, Channel or Gucci logos on their frames or sold innovative design frames at twice to four fourth dimensions the price. Japanese innovative eyewear company Toki, the closest competitor to Nanyang Optical, is unable to offer attractive prices as a result of high manufacturing be in Japan 6.Excellent Customer Service And Boutique StallsAs part of its merged harbors, Nanyang Optical ensures that customers receive the best service and shopping experience, adopting a more expensive channel allude in the form of branches to educate customers about its differentiated and innovative products. The result would be customer commitment and greater value. Customers contribute feedback on the quality of the products and obtain rapid response in form of ameliorate products and services.Nanyang Optical founded the Alexis Eyewear Boutiques in 1988, which house high-end exclusive eyewear in prime city locations. These outlets target local customers and tourists, providing them with premium services. Winning the Best Eyewear category for three consecutive years was a te stimony to their services and exquisite customer relationship management 7.Technology Push StrategyCustomers demand corporate social responsibility, causing a paradigm shift from less pollution to carbon negative products that have a overbearing effect on the environment. Companies have to balance the triangle of sustainability, competitiveness and innovation to ensure afterlife success 8.Nanyang Optical has embarked on changing their stores and products to Green products, utilizing a full circle recycling strategy based on re wheel aroundd materials 9.Despite having the constraints and limitations of using recycled materials, Nanyang Optical was able to go one step progress to create a fundamentally new product that is international award winning, eco-friendly and eco-iconic design such as LinkSkin, do out of recycled materials. some other models including Eyelet used 70% recycled materials with no soldering in its construction, a process that could add emissions of CO2. The award-winning Urband design used no springs, screws or soldering, yet having a stronger complex body part compared to its competitor models.With its strong design team from Eye-biz, french fashion designers, good quality manufacturers from China and a crystalize management team focused on innovation, eco-design, Nanyang Optical will continue to stay onward of its competitors in providing a wide range of compelling products to pull the markets, gain customer loyalty and value and innovate new technology products for the benefits of customers and the company.Product Development Process Of UrbandIn this chapter, the focus will be on the resources and time taken for the development of Urband frames. Urband frame was a brand new concept which uses S-clip to deputize the usual springs and screws.Nanyang Optical divided the product development process into three interconnected parts product function design, product fashion design, and manufacture, with the latter two parts being outs ourced to its partners. This method makes good use of all the resources and adopts suitable product design strategy like concurrent engineering to optimize its product design process and handle the new technology requirements and fashion trends.In most cases of eyewear design companies, it takes two to three years to finish the design process of a new product. Therefore, it is vital to arrange the product process properly and gather all the available resources to minimize the cost.Product Function DesignThis part covers the whole product developing process. It comm besides lasts for 18 to 36 months depending on the type of products. Nanyang Optical is mainly responsible for the skillful improvement and feature development of its new products. In order to take advantage of the low manpower cost in China, Nanyang Optical owns a 1,000-square-foot RD center in Shenzhen. This center houses 10 senior local Chinese research and development professionals and product designers whose main focus is on the technical final payments, such material and new frame design concepts.Developing new products is a tedious and time consuming process that involves significant investments and endless obstacles. When Nanyang Optical first came up with the new S-clip design for the frame, it took roughly three years and some(prenominal) iterations to perfect the design, choose the proper material and settle on the terminal models. Though this design was harder to manufacture in comparison with more conventional designs, these evolutionary new frames were without any springs, screws or soldering and hence they made eyewear stronger and eliminated the age-old problem caused by screws loosing. 10 This new design helped Nanyang Optical to steadily rise among the western rivals.In recent years, Nanyang Optical was quick to respond to customers inclination towards a greener environment. Together with its powerful product design team, Nanyang acted on its social responsibility and began its product development towards eco-friendly and useful eyewear.Product Fashion DesignIn this area, Nanyang Optical partnered three cut fashion eyewear designers who have experiences with top brand company as well as a sharp trend sense in eyewear fashion. As soon as the prototypes of Urband frames from the China development center were ready, the three designers would be responsible for creating present-day(a) styles, branding and packaging for Nanyang Optical to enhance the product appeal. The designers will alike assemble the product with their French taste of beauty and handle the delicate marketing push sales, hence retaining the high-end frames and attracting more customers. This process usually takes about 6 months.Nanyang Optical believes that French fashion is perceived to be the best and consumers would tend to cloud and pay more to purchase French brand, which would allow them to have a much better pass off of succeeding internationally than a Asian or an American b rands 2.ManufactureThis part will take off after the fashion design is completed. If the manufacturing went smoothly, the latest product could be finished in 1 month. In order to concentrate on the development of eyewear, Nanyang Optical does not operate a factory, which would cost too much effort to deal with the detail reasonables. In fact, they outsource their frame production to a Shenzhen company, which is laid in a well-developed place with eyewear production facilities. This allows them to lower the manufacture costs.As the unique design like Urband or Link from Nanyang Optical has high failure rates and high production cost, the product development center would send one team to stay with the production company to deal with the production problems as well as inspect the quality, and report the manufacture burden to the development center in time. 2,10Other ResourcesNanyang Optical also cooperates with SIMTech, one of A*STARs center in sustainable manufacturing technologies , to assess the life cycle of its business operations and identify voltage areas for improving sustainability. SIMTech has also aided Nanyang Optical in make industrial polymer waste into fashionable eyewear frames by cutting the recycled pellets. This product is not only eco-friendly, but it also helps Nanyang Optical in saving its production cost. 11Analysis Of Product Development ProcessIn this chapter, the go taken for the product development process will be evaluated for their strengths and weaknesses.DesignIn coming up with new eyewear design, the managing director, Mr. Yang, assembled a team of ten research design professionals and trained product designers. The professionals were hand-picked and paid competitively. Having a dedicated product development team allows them to focus intensively on research into facial contours, fashion trends and optical technicalities. For example, it was discovered that titanium could not be used for the S-clips because friction caused tit anium to discolor from grayness to black. Stainless steel was subsequently adopted for the S-clips. Hence, teams dedicated to their own specific areas allow them to have more time and concentration to do what they are good at, in order to recognise problems and overcome obstacles more easily.PartnershipThe forming of partnerships with the 3 French designers allowed Mr Yang to leverage on his partners expertise and gave himself more time to focus on issues that were better suited to his own skill set. This allows product development to wrench concurrently and at the like time give the French designers full responsibilities to work on fashion design, packaging, branding and marketing aspects.The have product design and fashion efforts were successful when Urband and Linkskin were selected as winners of 2006 iF (International Forum) material award and a 2007 Red venereal disease award. The Dulles, Va.-based Industrial Designers Society of America named Linkskin a finalist for its 2008 International Design Excellence Awards 12. More recently, Urband Origami collection had got other two design awards, Red Dot Design Award winner 2009 and 2009 iF material award capital 13. While Linkskin won 2009 International Forum Design Award Gold.Branding And MarketingLaunched of Urband at the SILMO (an substantive trade show for professionals in the optics/eyewear sector) industry fair in Paris in October 2005 was very successful as the French national newspaper Le Figaro chose the titanium Urband as the industrys 1 new design and the acetate Urband as 3. Apart from the additional media coverage, one publication even placed Urband alongside mega-brand Oakley in its reviews. The positive reviews and media coverage puts the product in a good position for sales in the market.This showed how essential going for the right kind of media coverage is. Mr Yang was smart to launch the eyewear at Europe as he wanted the brand to be identified as European in order to have high pre stige and greater pricing power. He also chose the correct fair to launch his eyewear as the fair was a stylish affair, thus giving his eyewear a positive outlook.ManufacturingOutsourcing of the manufacturing aspects allowed Mr Yang to gather all his resources to focus on creativity and improvement on the design of the frame.However, the initial outcome in search for outsourcing to factories was disappointing even though China was responsible for much of the worlds eyewear frame output. Few factory managers were willing to manufacture Urband or Link frames because of their unusual designs. The problem Nanyang Optical faced was that most work has to be performed by hand. This was made more challenging with the many variations between styles and colors. Another problem was that employees have to be given special training and with the high turnover rate, training for new employees has to be carried out frequently. These led to quality admit problems, more rework and low yields.10,000 titanium Urband frames were produced in China in a test run. The components had been outsourced to several factories and the frames had been assembled by hand by Eye-Biz employees. The production was considered a failure because Mr Yang had ordered enough components for 4,000 frames, but only 1,300 assembled frames passed the quality inspection. He had to order more parts and eventually 10,000 finished frames were assembled and approved. It was a production incubus said Mr Yang. Therefore, when outsourcing is used, the disadvantage would be having the need to work closely with the factories, provide technical support and cope quality control.FeedbacksThe 10,000 frames were distributed in Europe to gather consumer feedbacks and generate industry buzz. The frames manage to sell well, but some consumers later return them to retailers as the color painted onto the titanium faded after several months. Mr Yang resolves this issue with a better color plating technique.Hence, we see how f eedbacks will encourage continuous improvement in on-going product development and enhance the brands reputation as a reliable and fashionable product.ConclusionIn this paper, we have seen how Nanyang Optical was able to identify the correct opportunities and come up with the right kind of eyewear designs at the appropriate time. They brought in a new kind of innovative eyewear for the mass who wanted niche designs at affordable pricing. These designs were able to cater to customers of all ages, hence attracting many customers. Besides this, Nanyang Optical was responsive towards customers feedback by improving their products and services. This was helpful in building customer loyalty. When there was a move towards a greener environment, Nanyang Optical was also quick to start coming up with eco-friendly products made out of recycled materials. Their sensitivity towards market ask and technology direction allow Nanyang Optical to succeed and maintain its own pool of customers, attr acting more potential ones at the same time.In the process of product development, Nanyang Optical was able to take advantage of the low labour cost in China, as well as leverage on the creativity of its French fashion designers. The French designers were able to give a French outlook to the new eyewear, hence increase the chances of the eyewear in succeeding internationally. Nanyang Optical also practiced concurrent engineering whereby prototypes of new designs were made as early as possible in order to discover any problems in the early ramifications. Outsourcing authorized parts of the development process was a good option for Nanyang Optical as it not only allows them to be able to focus on what they are good at, but also allows them to achieve high standards in areas they are not experts at.Nanyang Optical was careful in marketing their products. They chose to launch their new eyewear at a prestigious European fair, thus raising their own standards and allowing them to price the products at a high range.However, not everything was smooth sailing for Nanyang Optical. The biggest obstacle they faced was the challenge in manufacturing the unusual eyewear. This was because most work was to be performed by hand, hence making the process very labor intensive. Training of employees needed to be carried out frequently due to high turnover rates, aggravating the quality control problems and lowering the yields. either product development process has its own unique set of problems. The company must be watchful and well-equipped to handle all kinds of situations in order to stay competitive. The distribution of workload among partners is also very crucial as this will contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of the entire product development process. Every item in the development of a new product, from the initial design stage to the final launch stage must be planned with care to maximize the chances of success.References1 Glasses (2009). Retrieved fam ily 21, 2009, from Wikipedia Web site, http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasses2 spend a penny Beng Geok and Nigel Goodwin, Nanyang Optical beyond production design from idea to launch, The Asia Business Case study, September 21, 20063 Timothy C.G.Fisher and Robert G.Waschik. (2002). managerial Economics A game theoretic approach. New York Routledge.4 Leong Kah Fai. (2009). Chapter one Introduction to Product Design. NTU. Singapore. powerpoint slides. Retrieved from Nanyang Technological University Blackboard. billet http//edventure.ntu.edu.sg/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_id=_2_1url=%2fwebapps%2fblackboard%2fexecute%2flauncher%3ftype%3dCourse%26id%3d_317678_1%26url%5 Singapores First eco-friendly Eyewear Store. (2009). Retrieved September 24, 2009, from Nanyang Optical Web site, http//www.nanyang.com.sg/products.html6 Toki. (2006). Retrieved September 24, 2009, from Toki Web site, http//tokieyewear.com/index.php7 Chen Chun-Hsien. (2009). Chapter seven CRM and flock Customization. N TU. Singapore. powerpoint slides. Retrieved from Nanyang Technological University Blackboard. Site http//edventure.ntu.edu.sg/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_id=_2_1url=%2fwebapps%2fblackboard%2fexecute%2flauncher%3ftype%3dCourse%26id%3d_317678_1%26url%3d8 Eco-innovative Design. (1997). Retrieved September 18, 2009, from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Web site, http//www.oecd.org/ legal residence/9 Singapores First eco-friendly Eyewear Store. (2009). Retrieved September 19, 2009, from Nanyang Optical Web site, http//www.nanyang.com.sg/eco.html10 Robert Grace, Designer eyeglasses fit eco-friendly niche, Plastics News, September 8, 200811Singapore and US Institutes join forces in Environmentally Impactful Sustainable Manufacturing Technologies, ACN Newswire, April 12, 200912Welcome to LinkSkin eco-friendly eyewear world. (2009) Retrieved September 18, 2009, from LinkSkin web site, http//www.linkskin.com/13 Urband designer of light and comfortable contemporary eyeglasses. (2009). Retrieved September 21, 2009, from Urband Web site, http//www.urband.com/

Health And Social Care Personal Statement

wellness And cordial Cargon Personal StatementDue to previous knowledges of breaking with a range of raft in the feel for sector I believe that throughout my judgment of conviction on motley make placements with mess who mother disabilities and difficulties in communicating, along with the amazes gained throughout my studies, my wish to pursue a c beer in the care profession has gr birth.To further my interest in working with and around population I accomplished a family in childcare.Throughout this course I was able to gain worthy experience of working with special needs children. While this was very chall(a)enging I to a fault undercoat it an exceedingly rewarding and enjoyable experience. To further my knowledge and passion for working with heap I took a wellness and sociable care advanced course and took a weeks experience in a day middle(a) that involves working with good deal who suffer from difficulties in communicating and having disabilities. This aga in sustained to broaden my understanding of working with raft and also how to deal with children and adults with disabilities.Within my spare time I nominate researched the commercial enterprise role and requirements for health promotion to go through out what is involved. To build upon these interests further, I am taking up a adept week work experience within the health field. I will be spending the first of all week in a care home focusing on helping elderly people that suffer from dementia and my second week assisting a health promoter to experience a more(prenominal) passkey job role in health care. I am looking forward to this valuable experience as it will further consolidate my desire to study health and social care.I shortly work as a sales assistant which has accustomed me a valuable experience of working with people and how to assist their needs in any(prenominal) way possible. During this time I am developing effective communion skills and good working relati onships. In addition to this it is also helping me to make how committed I am to my responsibilities as well as demonstrating good organisation skills. Having to juggle work and school as well as social make a motionivities this also shows that I am developing my time keeping skills to make myself more committed and more punctual.During my first year of sixth form I helped to raise money for the McMillan Cancer trust charity. I also found this very rewarding as I was helping early(a)s that were in need, just handle during my work placements. I often play sports later sixth form with my friends this has helped me to develop extra skills in working well in a team. In addition I have completed voluntary work with a year six branch to increase my knowledge of working with young people, another activity that I very much enjoyed and found extremely rewarding. To further my interest in working with people I have recently volunteered to do a level 3 v-volunteering in my spare time, th e certificate itself is an accreditation form Newcastle University. During my spare time I mainly like to dance and sing. I find this is a good way to express myself in addition to help me keep fit. I also attend the gym often to also help keep me fit. I also like to attend various distinct events and take advantage of any activities that I am offered whether it is through school or outside of school. This helps to increase my confidence and also helps me to meet new people.I feel that university is definitely the right path for me. I am always working extremely hard to achieve the best I can, a feat which I intend to take to the woods on throughout my university years. I feel I have the necessary skills needed to enjoy university to the luxuriant and also be successful in future years. In addition I would also like to go to university to help develop my skills even further so I can gain a good job in the health and social care sector which is always my main interest.Social Work Personal StatementI have decided to take up the course in social work because firstly the subjects which I am doing sociology looks at people and societys problems, I have in this subject done work on family and at the moment doing religion, this has fascinated me to help people who are facing problems such as abuse in families. Secondly I have done in the flesh(predicate) study on this subject which I have enjoyed reading around in periodicals and journals which had fuelled my interest in gaining a more depth knowledge of working with different type of people and their problems. Thirdly I would like to take up a course which fascinates me and in which I will determined me too succeed and the challenge of working to deadlinesWhilst in the sixth form I have been involved in a scheme which aimed to provide children entering school with a low reading age, with the help their demand to improve their reading levels. I also at in my private time tend to go to old people house who are d isabled because one of my close relative is there also this house is opposite my house so I go in and talk to different people and talk or play games with them. This is another reason why I want to do this course because I have some experience of what I will be facing in this course, it fashion be shock to me at first time round because I know in social work you get people who are hard to handle especially youngstersMy part time job which is shop assistant helped develop my understanding of responsibility and has given me increased confidence also enabled me to act initiatively with dealing with unexpected problems and has helped to develop my communication skills . Working with the children in school has improved my interpersonal skills so that I can now work with children who can be awkward sometimes without any problemsAs an individual(a) I like keeping fit which I have a gym in my house, I also like listening to music and going out with mates which provides me a different envi ronment from college and work, this gives me an opportunity to make new friend and meet new people. I also in my part time help my younger brother and sister with their homework or I sometimes learn from my mum how to sew clothesAs an applicant, I will bring with me an enthusiasm and pauperism for this subject. My ethics background and cultural awareness should allow me to become and integrated yet individual of a university member in an increasingly cosmopolitan society.Personal Statements the Good, the Bad and the UglyPersonal statements with positive blowAfter I was made redundant, I decided to become a provide prole. This was because I had been volunteering for some(prenominal) years in the Youth Service, working with young people at risk of offending. I got a job in a special needs school where I supported pupils on an individual basis. I needed to develop a good relationship with each pupil and to adapt my communication to their special needs. An example is how I worked w ith a boy who was afraid of the doctor ( describes her intervention and outcome). Working in this field for three years has encouraged me to tackle an Access course I have learnt the possible action of communication and can see why I was successful in my work with school students. I would like to develop my skills and knowledge further by studying for a social work degree.Skills I had gained as a support worker were needed when my father was diagnosed with dementia. I had always relied on his support and found that I had to be reliable and useful for him without letting my emotions overwhelm me.I am currently working as a support worker in a multi-disciplinary community mental health team. Although I work mostly with the OTs I have a good opportunity to get an overview of the other professions including social work. I have worked together with social workers in the team to support vulnerable people in the community and particularly like the wider perspective they bring to their wor k such as involving carers.I have worked in the substance misuse field for 5 years and have undertaken NVQ3.I have been offered the speckle of manager in the service I work in but thinking about my own development needs , I now want to train as a social worker to gain a wider experience of working with vulnerable adults and children.I am a keepry nurse and wanted to take my interest in child protection further by studying OU courses on health and social care.Statements with Limited ImpactI have always been passionate about care , becoming a social worker would allow me to fulfil my ambitionsI have been employed as a carer for 6 years. I enjoy my job and the experience. This has been excellent for my personal skills as I have to talk to people like the elderly.I believe my personal drive is a key promoter in my success as manager in a care home and I would be an asset to your degree.Working as a support worker means that I have learnt skills in communication and team work. (No fur ther discussion of these points)Lengthy exposition of previous employment in various retail and marketing companies, paragraph ending with The work experience linked to social work was a six week placement in day centre where I helped escort the old people home. No further discussion of what person learnt from this, what impact it had on decision to apply to train as a social worker.Having gained an NVQ 3 in health and social care and with vast experience in paid and voluntary work, I want to further my career by studying for a professional social work qualification .. (then follows list of all the service user groups applicant has worked with) in all these my skills in prioritising my workload, meeting deadlines , time management and team working has improved enormously. No evidence given to demonstrate this statement.Other statements contain very general comments on social work such as A social workers vocation is very complex and more than interpreting the problem and assistin g people find a solution. It involves methods, theories and ethics. There is a danger that these types of generalised comment are either from websites or books and articles which are not referenced plagiarism can rear its head even before some applicants have started their academic career

Lift of a Flat Surface in Wind

hornswoggle of a Flat Surface in WindWhen working with organize, at that place argon some(prenominal) conceptsAR2that need to be considered, near prominently Bernoullis Principle. This principle, named for its creator Daniel Bernoulli, states that when an incompressible, smoothly returning fluid gains whet, internal pressure in the fluid decreases, and vice versa. (Hewitt, 2004) Put simply in terms of aerodynamics, Bernoulli states that when a fluids focal ratio increases, the pressure perpendicular to the flow of the fluid is decreased. For example, the Bernoulli Effect can be clearly observed in terms of a plane in flight. Planes are able to fly ar3beca practise their wings are knowing to cause agate line to flow faster over the top than the bottom. This creates lower are pressure in a higher place the wing, and the greater pressure below the wing pushes the plane up. This upward pressure is referred to as peak mightiness, or simply lift. (Actforlibraries.org, 2017) a r4 Lift is generated by deflecting give ventflow. By taking Newtons second law of motion (), it can be stated that the aerodynamic forces on a embody with 0 drag ar5relate hirely to the change in momentum of the fluid, which is equal to mass f number of the fluid. (H every last(predicate), 2015) An objects lift capabilities can be measured using the comparabilityW present =density, =velocity, = come area and=Coefficient of Lift. (Hodanbosi, 1996)Lift is dependent on velocity, air density, air viscosity/compressibility, the shape of the body and the bodys inclination in relation to the flow of air. The velocity variable quantity in the equation is, therefore doubling the velocity will quadruple the lift etc. Additionally, dependence on shape, viscosity/compressibility and inclination is convoluted to deal with these they are characterized as a single variable, known as the coefficient of lift. (Hall, 2015) The lift coefficient, utilise to object lesson the complex dependenc ies on lift, can be obtained using the equationWhere lift, the dynamic pressure ()and surface area.Therefor, expresses the proportionality of lift force to dynamic pressure times surface area. (Hall, 2015) It is about often found experimentally, provided the values for this experiment aim been taken from Aerospaceweb.com. (Jeff, 2003) Also, by using an International tired Atmosphere (ISA) table, the air density variable for this experiment shall be assumed to be 0.9337kgm3, based on an assumed tallness of approx. 691m above sea level. (Cavcar, N/A)Lift is dependent of several variables, including inclination. The shift between a surface and the airflow is referred to as the angle of attack. The angle of attack has a strong effect on the lift being produced. In terms of an airplane when an airplane is preparing to take off, it accelerates swiftly to r individually the necessary velocity. However, and before lifting off, the pilot tilts the wings, creating a greater angle o f attack and giving the airplane the required lift to leave the ground. In terms of surfaces such as thin aerofoils and ceilings, the coefficient of lift is directly proportional to the angle of attack, when the angle is within +/- 10. For bigger angles, the dependence becomes quite complex and is therefore defined by a coefficient of lift. (Hall, 2015)By using the above lift equation, supposed equations can be created to assist in the analysis of the outcome of the experiment, for exampleWhere 3.61ms-1 (calculated using the iOS app Wind Meter),the area of one of the roof put upsand the corresponding coefficient of liftAR6. at a lower place are the full results of the suppositional calculations performed for this experimentLift Applied to Roofs of Different Areas and Inclinations0.0025m20.01 m20.015265 m20.0225 m200.015N0.061N0.093N0.137N150.011N0.043N0.065N0.096N300.013N0.052N0.079N0.116N450.016N0.064N0.098N0.144N600.013N0.052N0.079N0.116NTable 1 (created usingJB7 MS Excel) Gra ph 1 (created using MS Excel) found on these calculations, it can be assumed that the lift force will always peak at around 45, reach the minimum around 15 and go over an identical pattern for each roof sizeAR8.Based on the above indorseground research, a hypothesis can be theorise regarding the factors affecting lift force. It can be hypothesized thatThe lift applied to a surface in confidential information is dependent on its surface area and angle relative to the airflow. This relationship peaks towards big angles and surface areas.AR9An electronic equilibrize was set up on a workbench and turned on, ensuring the units were set to grams. An electronic equilibrize was utilised for this experiment because lift, as a force, can be recorded by measuring how more than(prenominal) mass is being lifted away from the balance (in negatives) and converting this into Newtons. The fan was placed approximately 0.3m away from the electronic balance, ad rightful(prenominal)ed to dire ct the airflow directly above the balance. The base fleck of cardboard, measuring 0.1m by 0.15m (10cm2 by 15cm2), was attached to the balance with electrical tape, ensuring the edge (not the flat side) was directed at the fan. The first roof minute (measuring 0.0025m2, or 25cm2) was attached to the base piece, then the balance was TARED. The fan was turned on, set at speed 1. Three results were recorded from the balanceAR10 before the fan was turned off. The roof piece was removed, the first angled piece (at 15) attached the roof piece re- pertinacious. The balance was again TARED and the fan was then turned back on, three results recorded and turned off again. This process was repeated for every roof piece (measuring 0.0025m2/25cm2, 0.01m2/100cm2, 0.015265m2/156.25cm2 and 0.0225m2AR11/225cm2) fixed to every angled piece (at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 0). An average was later(prenominal) taken of each group of results, and these averages were graphed in Excel for further in-depth analysi s.There were several variables involved with this experiment. The self-employed person variables were the wind speed (which was controlled by using of the same fan), the roof area and the roof angle, and the dependent variable was the lift. The controlled variables included the use of the sameAR12 electronic balance, roof, angle and base pieces and the same speed setting on the fan, the postal service of the fan/airflow, the position of the scales and the position of the base piece and, by extension the roof twists.AR13 These variables were controlled to ensure that all results are viable and in agreement.In order to maintain safety in this experiment, the following procedures were implement Safety glasses were worn, the electronic equipment was kept away from water, the guard around the blades was not touched art object the fan was running, the cardboard was handled carefully so as not to cause paper sleep withs and, likewise, when the cardboard pieces were cut out the scisso rs were handled with care.AR14Lift Applied to Roofs of Different Areas and Inclinations0.0025 m20.01 m20.015265 m20.0225 m200.056N0.175N0.250N0.287N150.075N0.186N0.259N0.242N300.103N0.159N0.159N-0.640N450.111N-0.556N-0.620N-0.770N600.056N-0.631N-0.715N-0.787NTable 2 (created using MS Excel)Overall, the results of this experiment are plausible AR16at best. When comparing the empirical information to the theoretical entropy listed above, there are very few similarities and patterns. However, on close examination of the results there are several small connections. For example, even though each set of points has a different pattern, most of these patterns are similar in shape, and each set peaks at or before 45. However, from here the theoretical and empirical are completely different. A likely reason for the dramatic differences between the 2 sets of results is the conditions under which the experiment was performed. Despite the actions taken, there were still a number of uncontroll able variables that may have affected the outcomes recorded. For example, the air-conditioning unit operating on the roof may have disrupted the airflow, resulting in a less continuous stream and thence a more unpredictable add together of lift. Similarly, the fan used in the experiment may not have provided a strong enough direct flow of air to the structure, also causing anomalous resultsAR17.However, despite the obvious anomalies in results, the experiment still manages to envision the relationship between angle of attack, surface area and lift force. For three of the four data sets (excluding 0.0025m2) the graphs follow a very similar pattern, indicating that the results are accurate in terms of the relationship, not the actual data observed. In addition, all data sets drop off after they reach 45, showing that, just as observed in the theoretical results, lift force reaches its peak at around 45 inclination into the wind. The most likely reason for this is that past this in clination the structure presents a greater amount of its surface into the wind, allowing it to be pushed down. This phenomenon creates the positive mass results seen in the table above. This was not accounted for in the theoretical equations, which may have caused some of the anomalous results stated aboveAR18.Another prominent difference between empirical and theoretical results is the distinct differences between lift values in the theoretical data. These data sets remain at a fixed distance a detonate for the entire graph, directly opposed to the empirical data points which for the most part are plotted very close together. This illustrates a lower difference in lift force between different surface areas, however these results are likely due to the unstable nature of the structure used in the experiment. AR19Particularly in terms of the larger roof pieces, the structure became more unsteady, possibly resulting in the lower lift force recorded above. In terms of the patterns obser ved in the empirical data, the larger roof sizes do produce more lift, however past their peak they also create more downward force. While the smallest size does generate the greatest lift, the three larger sizes do produce an increase amount of lift, in comparison with each other.As mentioned previously, the structure used in the experiment, particularly with the larger roof piece attached, was very unstable. AR20This is a likely reason for the outlying point for the area of 0.0225m2 at an inclination of 30. This surface area is the largest used, and it was very unstable atop the base piece, often slide to the side and not remaining square with the base. Most likely, this instability is what has caused such an obvious anomaly, as the roof piece sliding may have exposed a larger surface area to the airflow, thus created more downward force and less upward lift.Therefore, with the above considerations it mind, and despite the severe anomalies between theoretical and empirical data, the hypothesis ofThe lift applied to a surface in wind is dependent on its surface area and angle relative to the airflow. This relationship peaks towards larger angles and surface areas.Is supported by this experiment.AR21When playing an experiment, there are always a multitude of variables that affect the outcome, and a variety of ways in which the processes can be improved upon to achieve a better result. For example, in this experiment an ordinary fellowship fan was used to generate the required airflow. Such a device is designed to provide air to an entire room, not to provide a direct flow of air such as is required to make this experiment a success. To make the experiment more successful, a more direct airflow should be utilised, possibly by making use of a wind tunnel, or even a hair dryerAR22.Similarly, the electronic balance used to take measurements was only a small, relatively simple piece of equipment. Also, as previously mentioned, the air-conditioning unit in the ro om was likely disrupting the already-unsteady airflow. This, along with the experiments position next to the door and the other people in the room, may have been the cause of the discrepant results, which often differed by up to 0.0015kg. To solve this, the experiment could be re-conducted in a controlled environment with zero affecting the more direct airflow. Additionally, a more accurate electronic balance could be usedAR23. A more accurate balance would a piece of equipment connected to a computer that records all results for each set of tests and identifies an accurate average.The most prominent issue with the experiment was the results created by the electronic balance. The results were greatly varied, as stated above, suggesting that there were several uncontrolled variables at play, affecting the data. There are several methods that could be employed to rectify this, including those already mentioned. Performing the experiment in an isolated area where all variables can be controlled so nothing can interfere with the results is the most likely way to generate more accurate results. This, coupled with the use of a more stable structure (i.e. made from a sturdier material and fixed for effectively), a more accurate airflow and more sophisticated measuring technologies, is the best course to re-perform the experiment and give more viable results.ReferencesActforlibraries.org, 2017. Bernoullis Principle of Lift. Online accessible at http//network.actforlibraries.org/bernoullis-principle-of-lift-4/Accessed 04 certify 2017.Aerodynamics for Students, 2016. Lift and Lift Coefficient. Online open at http//s6.aeromech.usyd.edu.au/aerodynamics/index.php/sample-page/aircraft-performance/lift-and-lift-coefficient/Accessed 04 March 2017.Benson, T., 2014. Lift Formula. Online easy at https//www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/WindTunnel/Activities/lift_formula.htmlAccessed 09 March 2017.Cavcar, M., N/A. The International Standard Atmosphere. Online Available at http//hom e.anadolu.edu.tr/mcavcar/common/ISAweb.pdfAccessed 04 March 2017.Hall, N., 2015. Inclination Effects on Lift. Online Available at https//www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/incline.htmlAccessed 19 March 2017.Hall, N., 2015. Lift Equation. Online Available at https//www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/vel.htmlAccessed 02 March 2017.Hall, N., 2015. The Lift Coefficient. Online Available at https//www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/liftco.htmlAccessed 04 March 2017.Hall, N., 2015. Velocity Effects on Aerodynamic Forces. Online Available at https//www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/vel.htmlAccessed 02 March 2017.Hewitt, P. G., 2004. Bernoullis Principle. Online Available at http//www.nsta.org/publications/news/story.aspx?id=49598Accessed 02 March 2017.Hodanbosi, C., 1996. Lift Formula. Online Available at https//www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/WindTunnel/Activities/lift_formula.htmlAccessed 02 March 2017.HyperPhysics, N/A. Bernoulli Equation. Online Available at http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu. edu/hbase/pber.htmlAccessed 02 March 2017.Jeff, S., 2003. Airfoils at High Angles of Attack. Online Available at http//www.aerospaceweb.org/question/airfoils/q0150b.shtmlAccessed 04 March 2017.Physics Forum, 2011. Fluid mechanics Lift Force on a Roof Bernoullis Equation. Online Available at https//www.physicsforums.com/threads/fluid-mechanics-lift-force-on-a-roof-bernoullis-equation.533145/Accessed 02 March 2017.Scott, J., 2003. Airfoils at High Angle of Attack. Online Available at http//www.aerospaceweb.org/question/airfoils/q0150b.shtmlAccessed 04 March 2017.Scott, J., 2003. Lift Coefficient Thin Airfoil Theory. Online Available at http//www.aerospaceweb.org/question/aerodynamics/q0136.shtmlAccessed 04 March 2017.

Impact of Instant Messaging on Society

disturb of insistent message on Society flash bulb pass on quite a little be defined as a type of internet converse shot that holds up two or more(prenominal) people logged on to an instant say service. (Jiang, 2006) In early 1990s, many people started utilize internet and creative developer created a bring down-room like softwargon for people more or less the world to relegate with each new(prenominal)wise in real time. Thats when mo Messenger started to be popular after a well-known company, Mirabilis, introduced ICQ stands for I seek you in November 1996, a devoid instant-messaging utility that furnishs people to chat whenever the client is running and on-the-line. In 1997, American Online (AOL), considered the pioneer of the online service community, gave its users the magnate to have words in real time with each other by chat rooms and instant messages and acquired Mirabilis and ICQ in June 1998. In general, the ICQ deterrent example is the basis for most instant messaging utilities on the market today. (Tyson barrel maker, 2001) out-of-pocket to the extensive use of instant messaging, it is so beneficial to people to configuration relationship and extend their social network around the world. However, IM could cause some negative effects to the society which by then affects the industry eventu on the wholey. most(prenominal) of the instant messenger has fundamental turns that include instant messages, file-sharing, voice conferences, sounds and be adrift content. heartbeat messages allow two or more online parties to engage in correspondence. File-sharing allows people to sh are files with their peers by sending the files directly through IM windows. interpretive program conversations provide the feature of communicating through microphone in the internet. Sounds function allows user to play the sound for entertainment purpose. Streaming content is where recent news and events happen to nonify user through video contents. (Jiang, 2006) illustration of instant messaging are MSN messenger, Yahoo Messenger, etc that are available for free downloads today. hour messenger exists as a great communication tool and affects directly towards the society and industry. The implication of IM maybe for IT industry is because of instant messaging is so popular it affects mobile phone industry to acquire the drill for user convenience. Smart phone is the evolution from mobile phone that has the newsbreak Messaging feature. (Beale, 2005) For example, Blackberry Messenger is one of the mobile IM applications that allow users to communicate with each other as long as it is connected to the berry Pin System. (Dannenfield, no date) Technically, one of the implications of IM maybe for the industry is the lesser productiveness of workers in the workplace if they were distracted by the IMs interruption. Due to the presence awareness, indicating whether other users are connected to the network in IM, workers tend to ge t break off by the availability of their peers. Besides, IM encourages polychromic communication that it might contribute to an purlieu in which people frequently engage in multiple synchronic conversations. By then, it would lead to mass disruptive of message notification and chatting conversation that would greatly reduce workers opportunities to focus the task at hand. (Garrett Danziger , 2007) Thus, once workers productivity is affected, it leads to the downside of industry. Although interruption is the main source of concern, not all forms of interruption are harmful and certain interruptions are beneficial to the work. Garrett and Danziger (2007) listed the example of Hudson saying that managers dish outs prefer the timely if disruptive delivery of critical knowledge all over delayed delivery, because it allows them to make more informed decisions and to intervene before an swerve in the work domain becomes unmanageable On the other hand, protection and confidentiali ty are also at find when use freely-available IM software. (Garrett Danziger, 2007) Most of the IM does not implement the enterprise-version to the business around the world. Thus, most of the corporations would be at risk because consumers IM application would bypass merged authentication through the network and allow malicious threat to penetrate if intended attacks or stealing information are planned by the anonymous. For example, messages log can be preserve or even voice conversation can be eavesdropped that includes in the altogether data (Stone Merrion, 2004)Instant Messaging is undoubtedly causing big impacts whether its proper or bad to the society today. Having a conversation through the strength (IM) that could result in misunderstanding of opposed participant message overdue to the lack of non-verbal language. However, user tends to be more open during the conversation in IM compared to talking over a phone. It is because chatting through IM medium is more ret ard and does not need facial ex crowdion that create uncomfortable mental picture for those users who lack of social skills. (Garrett Danziger, 2007) Instant messaging affects student donnish functioning too. According to OConour(2006) in Instant Messaging Friend or rival of student writing? claims that students use inappropriate English as in bad grammar, poor punctuation and improper abbreviation in academician writing. For example, word like you is substituted with u and are is substituted with r. This problem occurred is because of students are already used to the word they used in IM subconsciously. Additionally, procrastination tends to be other(prenominal) problem to the students. Nachbour(2003) back up one of the views of Cooper saying that students procrastinate by chatting with college friends even those who live within walking distance. Student tends to get vacant based on what Cooper has described and in fact affects their academic performance. On the other han d, instant messaging fosters the ability of multitasking on students. College students are very busy people who need to do a lot of work in a day including, assignments, sports, events, or even ingest dinner with a book while talking with people. (Marquez, 2003) According to Grinter (2003, p.25) support by Marquez, IM conversations do not require that the student focus all of his/her attention on the conversation at hand which allows the student to multitask and talk to other students in multiple IM conversations. By that example, it is true that instant messaging helps the students to multi-task their daily work. about report says that instead of having to physically visit their friends or call them on the telephone, they can simply send a industrious message and expect a timely response. (Nachbour, 2003) while other says that College teens inform using IM to communicate with roommates and housemates rather than meeting face-to face or overtly disrupting them (Grinter Palen, 20 02) Additionally, during the workplace, the software developer turns off the auto-idle features, because often he is around yet not using the computer, incorrectly creating the impression that he is away from desk. (Patil Kobsa, 2004) That cause another conflicts among co-workers. Based on the availability of IM whether they are on the status of available, busy, away, Guidry (2004) supported the view of Whittaker and Bradner that those who use IM often believe they have a more intimate knowledge of their fellow IM users schedules and habits due to this automatic monitoring and reporting. It is weak that IM has affected the users so much in their everyday life.In conclusion, Instant Messaging intension is to benefit the people around the world to communicate with each other. However, it is based on how the user is going to use it. Some people like students use it to communicate with friends for long distance conversation while others use it to procrastinate their assignment by chatt ing with their friends. Some corporate use it to communicate among co-workers to produce efficient work while other workers use it for stealing time from work. Things we can prevent like security measures issue confidential information should not be sent using IM to prevent anonymous attacks. Instant Messaging is so varies as if its secure or bad depends on the choice of human being.ReferenceBeale R. (2005) keep Social Interaction with Smart Phone. lendable at http//citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?inside=10.1.1.132.2620rep=rep1type=pdf (Accessed 7 Nov 2010)Dannenfield, D (no date) How BlackBerry Messenger Works. Available at http//communication.howstuffworks.com/blackberry-messenger.htm (Accessed 03 Nov 2010)Garrett, R. K., Danziger, J. N. (2007) IM= fault Management? Instant Messaging and Disruption in the Workplace. Available at http//jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/garrett.html (Accessed 04 November 2010)Grinter E.R Palen L.(2002) Instant Messaging in Teen Life. 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